If you can speak more than one language, does this mean that you're also simultaneously and constantly shifting in your mind between different worldviews? UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #8: (Speaking Italian). Not without written permission. Psychologist Ken Sheldon studies the science of figuring out what you want. We convince a colleague to take a different tactic at work. You can search for the episode or browse all episodes on our Archive Page. But it's exactly like - it was maybe about 20 years ago that somebody - a girlfriend I had told me that if I wore pants that had little vertical pleats up near the waist, then I was conveying that I was kind of past it. Many of us rush through our days, weeks, and lives, chasing goals, and just trying to get everything done. Purpose can also boost our health and longevity. Trusted by 5,200 companies and developers. Something new will have started by then, just like if we listen to people in 1971, they sound odd in that they don't say like as much as we do. And you suddenly get a craving for potato chips, and you, realize that you have none in the kitchen, and there's nothing else you really want to, eat. Today, we explore the many facets of this idea. Can I get some chicken? This week, we revisit a favorite episode from 2021, bringing you two stories about how easy it can be to believe in a false reality even when the facts dont back us up. Psychological Safety and Learning Behavior in Work Teams, by Amy Edmondson, Administrative Science Quarterly, 1999. This week, we kick off a month-long series we're calling Happiness 2.0. When we come back, we dig further into the way that gender works in different languages and the pervasive effects that words can play in our lives. UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN #2: (Speaking foreign language). That is the direction of writing in Hebrew and Arabic, going from right to left. And when I listen to people having their peeves, I don't think, stop it. Whats going on here? Sometimes, life can feel like being stuck on a treadmill. Perceived Partner Responsiveness Scale (PPRS), by Harry T. Reis et. VEDANTAM: So all this raises a really interesting question. But what if there's a whole category of people in your life whose impact is overlooked? So it's, VEDANTAM: The moment she heard it, Jennifer realized mendokusai was incredibly. That is the most random thing. Learn more. But, you know, John, something gnaws at me every time I hear the word used wrong. VEDANTAM: As someone who spends a lot of his time listening to language evolve, John hears a lot of slang. And so even though I insist that there is no scientific basis for rejecting some new word or some new meaning or some new construction, I certainly have my visceral biases. Whats going on here? BORODITSKY: That's a wonderful question. There's not a bigger difference you could find than 100 percent of the measurement space. In this episode, we explore how long-term relationships have changed over time and whether we might be able to improve marriage by asking less of it. And it's not just about how we think about time. What do you think the implications are - if you buy the idea that languages are a very specific and unique way of seeing the world, of perceiving reality, what are the implications of so many languages disappearing during our time? And some people would say it's a lot more because it's, you know, irrecoverable and not reduplicated elsewhere. And so, for example, can I get a hamburger? This week, in the final installment of our Happiness 2.0 series, psychologist Dacher Keltner describes what happens when we stop to savor the beauty in nature, art, or simply the moral courage of those around us. I'm Shankar Vedantam. How do you balance the imperative of teaching correct usage? As someone who works in media, I often find that people who can write well are often people who know how to think well, so I often equate clarity of writing with clarity of thought. VEDANTAM: Languages seem to have different ways of communicating agency. If the language stayed the way it was, it would be like a pressed flower in a book or, as I say, I think it would be like some inflatable doll rather than a person. something, even though it shouldn't be so much of an effort. You do the hokey pokey and you turn yourself around. I had this cool experience when I was there. Psychologist Ken Sheldon studies the science of figuring out what you want. As soon as you move the leg, it becomes a different leg. VEDANTAM: Languages orient us to the world. - so one skull but two different minds, and you shift from one to the other. It's natural to want to run away from difficult emotions such as grief, anger and fear. VEDANTAM: The moment she heard it, Jennifer realized mendokusai was incredibly useful. I'm Shankar Vedantam, and you're listening to HIDDEN BRAIN. UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #16: Not figuratively, it's literally MCWHORTER: Yeah. And if you don't have a word for exactly seven, it actually becomes very, very hard to keep track of exactly seven. GEACONE-CRUZ: It describes this feeling so perfectly in such a wonderfully packaged, encapsulated way. Go behind the scenes, see what Shankar is reading and find more useful resources and links. UNIDENTIFIED MAN #1: (Speaking foreign language). Lera said there's still a lot of research to be done on this. But if you seed a watermelon, nobody assumes that you're taking seeds and putting them in the watermelon, you're taking them out. And so somebody will say, well, who was it who you thought was going to give you this present? But she told me a story about a conversation she had with a native speaker of Indonesian. I decided it was very important for me to learn English because I had always been a very verbal kid, and I'd - was always the person who recited poems in front of the school and, you know, led assemblies and things like that. And they have correlated this with gender features in the language, just like the ones you were talking about. And it's sad that we're not going to be able to make use of them and learn them and celebrate them. JERRY SEINFELD: (As Jerry Seinfeld) The second button literally makes or breaks the shirt. I'm Shankar Vedantam. GEACONE-CRUZ: It's this phrase that describes something between I can't be bothered or I don't want to do it or I recognize the incredible effort that goes into something, even though it shouldn't be so much of an effort. Imagine this. Evaluating Changes in Motivation, Values, and Well-being, Goal Striving, Need Satisfaction, and Longitudinal Well-being: The Self-Concordance Model, Personal Strivings: An Approach to Personality and Subjective Well-being, Read the latest from the Hidden Brain Newsletter. Many of us rush through our lives, chasing goals and just trying to get everything done. If I give you a bunch of pictures to lay out and say this is telling you some kind of story and you - and they're disorganized, when an English speaker organizes those pictures, they'll organize them from left to right. It seems kind of elliptical, like, would it be possible that I obtained? GEACONE-CRUZ: And I ended up living there for 10 years. If you're bilingual or multilingual, you may have noticed that different languages make you stretch in different ways. Our transcripts are provided by various partners and may contain errors or deviate slightly from the audio. in your textbooks but when you're hanging out with friends. Go behind the scenes, see what Shankar is reading and find more useful resources and links. And it really is an illusion that what language is, is something that sits still. But is that true when it comes to the pursuit of happiness? It's testament to the incredible ingenuity and complexity of the human mind that all of these different perspectives on the world have been invented. And it sounds a little bit abrupt and grabby like you're going to get something instead of being given. And we looked at every personification and allegory in Artstor and asked, does the language that you speak matter for how you paint death, depending on whether the word death is masculine or feminine in your language? And we teach them, for example, to say that bridges and apples and all kinds of other things have the same prefix as women. And you can even teach people to have a little bit of fun with the artifice. The Effects of Conflict Types, Dimensions, and Emergent States on Group Outcomes, by Karen Jehn et. Stay with us. The only question was in which way. But then you start writing things down and you're in a whole new land because once things are sitting there written on that piece of paper, there's that illusion. This week, we kick off a month-long series we're calling Happiness 2.0. You can run experiments in a lab or survey people on the street. Many of us believe that hard work and persistence are the key to achieving our goals. So for example, if Sam grabbed a hammer and struck the flute in anger, that would be one description, like, Sam broke the flute. Many of us rush through our lives, chasing goals and just trying to get everything done. It's just how I feel. A brief history of relationship research in social psychology, by Harry T. Reis, in Handbook of the History of Social Psychology, 2011. Languages are not just tools. Copyright 2018 NPR. And I did that. It's never going to. And in fact, speakers of languages like this have been shown to orient extremely well - much better than we used to think humans could. But it turns out humans can stay oriented really, really well, provided that their language and culture requires them to keep track of this information. The transcript below may be for an earlier version of this episode. Mistakes and errors are what turned Latin into French. If you missed it, Think back to the last time someone convinced you to do something you didn't want to do, or to spend money you didn't want to spend. In this favorite episode from 2021, Cornell University psychologist Anthony Burrow explains why purpose isnt something to be found its something we can develop from within. BORODITSKY: Well, I think it's a terrible tragedy. People do need to be taught what the socially acceptable forms are. You can't smell or taste time. This week, we kick off a month-long series we're calling Happiness 2.0. But I don't think that it's always clear to us that language has to change in that things are going to come in that we're going to hear as intrusions or as irritating or as mistakes, despite the fact that that's how you get from, say, old Persian to modern Persian. That hadn't started then. For example, if you take seeds and put them in the ground, that's one thing. Physicist Richard Feynman once said, "The first principle is that you must not fool yourself, and you are the easiest person to fool." One way we fool ourselves is by imagining we know more than we do; we think we are experts. UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #11: (Speaking Russian). So for example, you might not imagine the color shirt that he's wearing or the kinds of shoes that he's wearing. Hidden Brain. It turns out, as you point out, that in common usage, literally literally means the opposite of literally. And as soon as I saw that happen, I thought, oh, this makes it so much easier. If you liked . In this favorite episode from 2021, Cornell University psychologist Anthony Burrow explains why purpose isnt something to be found its somethi, It's natural to want to run away from difficult emotions such as grief, anger and fear. We recommend movies or books to a friend. Copyright Hidden Brain Media | Privacy Policy, Think Again: The Power of Knowing What You Dont Know, Refusing to Apologize can have Psychological Benefits, The Effects of Conflict Types, Dimensions, and Emergent States on Group Outcomes, Social Functionalist Frameworks for Judgment and Choice: Intuitive Politicians, Theologians, and Prosecutors, Psychological Safety and Learning Behavior in Work Teams, The Effective Negotiator Part 1: The Behavior of Successful Negotiators, The Effective Negotiator Part 2: Planning for Negotiations, Read the latest from the Hidden Brain Newsletter. No matter how hard you try to feel happier, you end up back where you started. BORODITSKY: Yeah. So one possibility for bilinguals would be that they just have two different minds inside - right? And so I set myself the goal that I would learn English in a year, and I wouldn't speak Russian to anyone for that whole first year. UNIDENTIFIED ACTOR #1: (As character) If you're so upset about it, maybe you can think of a way to help her. Official Website Airs on: SUN 7pm-8pm 55:27 Happiness 2.0: The Reset Button Feb 27 Many of us rush through our lives, chasing goals and just trying to get everything done. Now I can stay oriented. Toula and Ian's different backgrounds become apparent on one of their very first dates. And so he suggested it might be the case that the arbitrarily assigned grammatical genders are actually changing the way people think about these days of the week and maybe all kinds of other things that are named by nouns. HIDDEN BRAIN < Lost in Translation: January 29, 20189:00 PM ET VEDANTAM: Well, that's kind of you, Lera. In this favorite 2021 episode, psychologistAdam Grantpushes back against the benefits of certainty, and describes the magic that unfolds when we challenge our own deeply-held beliefs. Lera is a cognitive science professor at the University of California, San Diego. The fun example I give my students is imagine playing the hokey pokey in a language like this. See you next week. In the final episode of our "Mind Reading 2.0" series, we bring back one of our favorite conversations, with linguist Deborah Tannen. And you can just - it rolls off the tongue, and you can just throw it out. Many of us rush through our days, weeks, and lives, chasing goals, and just trying to get everything done. The categorization that language provides to you becomes real, becomes psychologically real. If you're like most people, you probably abandoned those resolutions within a few weeks. al (Eds. But I understand that in Spanish, this would come out quite differently. They're more likely to say, well, it's a formal property of the language. Writing has come along relatively recently. You're also not going to do algebra. Our team includes Laura Kwerel, Adhiti Bandlamudi and our supervising producer Tara Boyle. I think that it's better to think of language as a parade that either you're watching, or frankly, that you're in, especially because the people are never going to stand still. If you still cant find the episode, try looking through our most recent shows on our homepage. Today in our Happiness 2.0 series, we revisit a favorite episode from 2020. But what we should teach is not that the good way is logical and the way that you're comfortable doing it is illogical. BORODITSKY: Well, there may not be a word for left to refer to a left leg. VEDANTAM: I asked Lera how describing the word chair or the word bridge as masculine or feminine changes the way that speakers of different languages think about those concepts. MCWHORTER: It's a matter of fashion, pure and simple. VEDANTAM: John McWhorter, thank you so much for joining me on HIDDEN BRAIN today. Toward Understanding Understanding:The Importance of Feeling Understood in Relationships, by Harry Reis, Edward P. Lemay Jr, and Catrin Finkenauer, Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2017. And nobody wishes that we hadn't developed our modern languages today from the ancient versions. Now, in a lot of languages, you can't say that because unless you were crazy, and you went out looking to break your arm, and you succeeded - right? Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information. You know, lots of people blow off steam about something they think is wrong, but very few people are willing to get involved and do something about it. UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #9: (Speaking German). BORODITSKY: Actually, one of the first people to notice or suggest that this might be the case was a Russian linguist, Roman Jakobson. Well, that's an incredibly large set of things, so that's a very broad effect of language. And maybe the convenience store or the shop is really not that far away. And I kind of sheepishly confessed this to someone there. If you dont see any jobs posted there, feel free to send your resume and cover letter to [emailprotected] and well keep your materials on hand for future openings on the show. Subscribe: iOS | Android | Spotify | RSS | Amazon | Stitcher Latest Episodes: Happiness 2.0: The Reset Button But they can also steer us in directions that leave us deeply unsatisfied. I just don't want to do it. I just don't want to do it. What Do You Do When Things Go Right? And I was telling this person about someone I knew back in America. This week, we're going to bring you a conversation I had in front of a live audience with Richard Thaler, taped on Halloween at the Willard Intercontinental Hotel in Washington, D. Richard is a professor of behavioral sciences and economics at the University of Chicago and is a well-known author. And there are consequences for how people think about events, what they notice when they see accidents. It Takes Two: The Interpersonal Nature of Empathic Accuracy, What Do You Do When Things Go Right? Researcher Elizabeth Dunn helps us map out the unexpected ways w, Having a sense of purpose can be a buffer against the challenges we all face at various stages of life. VEDANTAM: I love this analogy you have in the book where you mention how, you know, thinking that a word has only one meaning is like looking at a snapshot taken at one point in a person's life and saying this photograph represents the entirety of what this person looks like. This week on Hidden Brain, we revisit a favorite episode exploring what this culture means Jesse always wanted to fall in love. VEDANTAM: The word chair is feminine in Italian. And it's just too much of an effort, and you can't be bothered to do it, even though it's such a small thing. Researcher Elizabeth Dunn helps us map out the unexpected ways we can find joy and happiness in our everyday lives. Well never sell your personal information. Purpose can also boost our health and longevity. Sometimes, life can feel like being stuck on a treadmill. Transcript Speaker 1 00:00:00 this is hidden brain. Now, many people hear that and they think, well, that's no good because now literally can mean its opposite. Just saying hello was difficult. VEDANTAM: So I find that I'm often directionally and navigationally challenged when I'm driving around, and I often get my east-west mixed up with my left-right for reasons I have never been able to fathom. What a cynical thing to say, but that doesn't mean that it might not be true. This week, we kick off a month-long series we're calling Happiness 2.0. BORODITSKY: It's certainly possible. (Speaking Japanese). We'll begin with police shootings of unarmed Black men. So LOL starts out as meaning hardy-har-har (ph), but then it becomes something more abstract. The fact is that language change can always go in one of many directions, there's a chance element to it. Assessing the Seeds of Relationship Decay: Using Implicit Evaluations to Detect the Early Stages of Disillusionment, by Soonhee Lee, Ronald D. Rogge, and Harry T. Reis, Psychological Science, 2010. This week, a story about a con with a twist. People who breathe too much put their bodies in a hypoxic state, with not enough oxygen to the brain How breath moves in the body: air comes in through the nose and mouth; the larynx (rigid tube to avoid closing) brings air from the nose and mouth to the lungs Lungs can expand and contract to bring in or expel air MCWHORTER: Oh, yeah, I'm a human being. It Takes Two: The Interpersonal Nature of Empathic Accuracy, by Jamil Zaki, Niall Bolger, Kevin Ochsner, Psychological Science, 2008. All episodes of Hidden Brain - Chartable Hidden Brain Episodes Happiness 2.0: The Reset Button Many of us rush through our lives, chasing goals and just trying to get everything done. You would never know, for example, that - give you an example I've actually been thinking about. You can find all Hidden Brain episodes on our website. Maybe it's even less than a hundred meters away, but you just can't bring yourself to even throw your coat on over your pajamas and put your boots on and go outside and walk those hundred meters because somehow it would break the coziness. So to give you a very quick wrap-up is that some effects are big, but even when effects aren't big, they can be interesting or important for other reasons - either because they are very broad or because they apply to things that we think are really important in our culture. Copyright Hidden Brain Media | Privacy Policy, Freely Determined: What the New Psychology of the Self Teaches Us About How to Live, Going the Distance on the Pacific Crest Trail: The Vital Role of Identified Motivation, Athletic Scholarships are Negatively Associated with Intrinsic Motivation for Sports, Even Decades Later: Evidence for Long-Term Undermining, Rightly Crossing the Rubicon: Evaluating Goal Self-Concordance Prior to Selection Helps People Choose More Intrinsic Goals, What Makes Lawyers Happy? Social Functionalist Frameworks for Judgment and Choice: Intuitive Politicians, Theologians, and Prosecutors, by Philip Tetlock, Psychology Review, 2002. Additional Resources Book: So maybe they're saying bridges are beautiful and elegant, not because they're grammatically feminine in the language, but because the bridges they have are, in fact, more beautiful and elegant. ), Handbook of Closeness and Intimacy, 2004. This is NPR. Imagine this. VEDANTAM: I'm Shankar Vedantam. So we've done a lot of studies looking at how speakers of Spanish and German and Russian actually think about objects that have opposite grammatical genders. But what if it's not even about lust? JENNIFER GEACONE-CRUZ: My name is Jennifer Geacone-Cruz. So LOL was an internet abbreviation meaning laugh out loud or laughing out loud, but LOL in common usage today doesn't necessarily mean hysterical laughter. VEDANTAM: Our conversation made me wonder about what this means on a larger scale. They know which way is which. When language was like that, of course it changed a lot - fast - because once you said it, it was gone. We love the idea of Hidden Brain helping to spark discussions in your community. Listen on the Reuters app. Flight attendant Steven Slater slides from a plane after quitting. Are the spoken origins of language one reason that words so often seem to be on the move? Hidden Brain: You, But Better on Apple Podcasts 50 min You, But Better Hidden Brain Social Sciences Think about the resolutions you made this year: to quit smoking, eat better, or get more exercise. Evaluating Changes in Motivation, Values, and Well-being, by Kennon M. Sheldon and Lawrence S. Krieger, Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 2004. He's also the author of the book, "Words On The Move: Why English Won't - And Can't - Sit Still (Like, Literally).". And, I mean, really, it sounds exactly like that. What techniques did that person use to persuade you? Our transcripts are provided by various partners and may contain errors or deviate slightly from the audio. Perceived Partner Responsiveness as an Organizing Construct in the Study of Intimacy and Closeness, by Harry T. Reis, et. FEB 27, 2023; Happiness 2.0: The Reset Button . NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by an NPR contractor. You know, it's Lady Liberty and Lady Justice. Subscribe to the Hidden Brain Podcast on your favorite podcast player so you never miss an episode. And I can't help surmising that part of it is that the educated American has been taught and often well that you're not supposed to look down on people because of gender, because of race, because of ability. Sometimes you just have to suck it up. You can support Hidden Brain indirectly by giving to your local NPR station, or you can provide direct support to Hidden Brain by making a gift on our Patreon page. Going the Distance on the Pacific Crest Trail: The Vital Role of Identified Motivation, by Kennon M. Sheldon, Motivation Science, 2020. Whereas speakers of a language like Spanish might not be quite as good at remembering who did it when it's an accident, but they're better at remembering that it was an accident. There are signs it's getting even harder. VEDANTAM: Time is another concept that is also central to the way we see and describe the world. All rights reserved. Copyright Hidden Brain Media | Privacy Policy. And if people heard the sounds a little differently and produced them a little differently, if there were new meanings of words - very quickly whatever the original meaning was wouldn't be remembered. So some languages don't have number words. So if you took a bunch of those tendencies, you could make up, say, the English of 50 years from now, but some of the things would just be complete chance. Growing up, I understood this word to mean for a very short time, as in John McWhorter was momentarily surprised. Having a sense of purpose can be a buffer against the challenges we all face at various stages of life. You can't know, but you can certainly know that if could listen to people 50 years from now, they'd sound odd. Goal Striving, Need Satisfaction, and Longitudinal Well-being: The Self-Concordance Model, by Kennon M. Sheldon and Andrew J. Elliot, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1999. And if that is true, then the educated person can look down on people who say Billy and me went to the store or who are using literally, quote, unquote, "wrong" and condemn them in the kinds of terms that once were ordinary for condemning black people or women or what have you. That was somehow a dad's fashion, and that I should start wearing flat-fronted pants. So you might say, there's an ant on your northwest leg. We'll be back momentarily. VEDANTAM: It took just one week of living in Japan for Jennifer to pick up an important, VEDANTAM: There isn't a straightforward translation of this phrase in English. VEDANTAM: Jennifer moved to Japan for graduate school. Imagine you meet somebody, they're 39 and you take their picture. What techniques did that person use to persuade you? Of course, eventually, the Finnish kids also figured it out because language isn't the only source of that information, otherwise it would be quite surprising for the Finns to be able to continue to reproduce themselves. podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9rd1djMGxoZg==, open.spotify.com/show/20Gf4IAauFrfj7RBkjcWxh. (Speaking Japanese). Welcome to HIDDEN BRAIN. MCWHORTER: Language is a parade, and nobody sits at a parade wishing that everybody would stand still. This week, in the fourth and final installment of our Happiness 2.0 series, psychologist Dacher Having a sense of purpose can be a buffer against the challenges we all face at various stages of life. But time doesn't have to flow with respect to the body. 4.62. And then 10 years later when they're 49, you say, well, that picture of you at 39 is what you really are and whatever's happened to you since then is some sort of disaster or something that shouldn't have happened. For example, when we started talking about navigation, that's an example where a 5-year-old in a culture that uses words like north, south, east and west can point southeast without hesitation. VEDANTAM: How the languages we speak shape the way we think and why the words we use are always in flux. Transcript 585: In Defense of Ignorance Note: This American Life is produced for the ear and designed to be heard. What turns out to be the case is that it's something in between - that bilinguals don't really turn off the languages they're not using when they're not using them. They're supposed to be painting something very personal. In the final episode of our Relationships 2.0 series, psychologistHarry Reis says theres another ingredient to successful relationships thats every bit as important as love. BORODITSKY: Yeah. That's because change is hard. If you prefer to listen through a podcast app, here are links to our podcast on Apple, Spotify, and Stitcher. But that can blind us to a very simple source of joy that's all around us. And they suggest that differences across languages do, in fact, predict some of these measures of gender equality across countries. And after listening to you, I realize I might have to finally give in. Copyright Hidden Brain Media | Privacy Policy, direct support to Hidden Brain by making a gift on our Patreon page, sponsorship opportunities on Hidden Brain. Marcus Butt/Getty Images/Ikon Images Hidden Brain Why Nobody Feels Rich by Shankar Vedantam , Parth Shah , Tara Boyle , Rhaina Cohen September 14, 2020 If you've ever flown in economy class. Please do not republish our logo, name or content digitally or distribute to more than 10 people without written permission. This week, we launch the first of a two-part mini-series on the scie, If you think about the people in your life, it's likely that they share a lot in common with you. Languages are not just tools to describe the world. I want everybody to have the fun I'm having. al, Group Decision and Negotiation, 2008. edit transcripts, Improve the presence of your podcasts, e.g., self-service, If you share your Listen Notes page and at-mention. In this week's My Unsung Hero, Sarah Feldman thanks someone for their gift more than 20 years ago. Interpersonal Chemistry: What Is It, How Does It Emerge, and How Does it Operate? But actually, that's exactly how people in those communities come to stay oriented - is that they learn it, (laughter) right?
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